Sleep disorders in menopausal women

Background: Sleep disturbance is one of frequent sign and symptom encountered in post-menopausal women. It affects the quality of the life and may lead to depression in some women. Objective of present study was to find out the prevalence of sleep disorder in post-menopausal womenMethods: Prospective study done on the post-menopausal women coming to Gynaecology OPD of Dr Bheem Rao Ambedkar Hospital, Raipur. This study was a prospective cross sectional observational study, conducted in the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from 1st August 2016 to 31st January 2017. It included 500 women of postmenopausal age. A detail Performa was provided to assess sleep patterns and disorders associated with it. All the data was analysed using chi square testResults: The prevalence of sleep disturbances was 29.58%. Home makers were affected more in comparison to working women, 71,43% women had problems in initiating sleep. About 2/3rd women in the study group developed insomnia within 5 years of menopause, whereas 1/3rd took more than 7years to develop insomnia. Co morbidities were present in 48% women. Our women have mean age of menopause around 45 years.Conclusions: Sleep disorders are common, with prevalence of 29.5% in menopausal women in present study. It significantly causes psychosocial problems in women. There is need for it to be asked for and to be treated promptly

Utilization of novel digital techniques in mathematics education

This article discusses the challenges of mathematics education in the age of digital technologies. Education analysis and design, educator roles, and reflection on the difficulties encountered in this area are all of importance. It is also important to investigate the characteristics and elements that contribute to the transformation of educational practices at various levels. Mathematics is a duplex subject: on the one hand, it contains computations and methods; on the other hand, it contains logic and ideas. Throughout the world, Faculty and students rely largely on the incorporation of digital technology into their teaching and learning activities to be effective and efficient. Digital learning enables and enhances students' pedagogical activities. The research inquiry concludes by identifying and providing important success aspects and tools. To illustrate this paradigm, we will present our study's conclusion that these success elements and tools are critical for facilitating mathematics learning using digital technology and some crucial facts

The study of antibiotic-sensitivity and resistance pattern of bacteria causing catheter associated urinary tract infection

Background: present study is done to study the antibiotic-sensitivity and resistance pattern of bacteria causing catheter associated urinary tract infection. Objectives of this study were to study the bacterial etiology of CAUTI, to study the prevalence of various bacteria causing catheter associated urinary tract infection, the antibiogram (sensitivity and resistance) pattern of isolated bacteria and the percentage of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the study population.Methods: In this prospective observational study, under aseptic precautions, urine sample was taken after 48 hours of catheterization and sent for culture and sensitivity pattern is studied.Results: In this study 500 urine samples were cultured and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern was observed. Out of the 53 culture positive samples most the subjects had asymptomatic bacteriuria. The study gave the incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) to be 10.6% and about 9% were polymicrobial. In this study about 7 causative bacteria were isolated. Escherichia coli were the most common organism that was isolated. On studying the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of each isolate, it has been observed that all of them are multidrug resistant and the sensitivity pattern is migrating towards higher antibiotics.Conclusions: Empirical use of antibiotics must be avoided and antibiotics must be used only after sensitivity testing. This will help in selection of the appropriate antibiotic for therapeutic use and prevent indiscriminate and irrational use of antibiotics. This will also improve the cost efficiency and decrease the duration of hospital stay

Assessing the impact of participatory research in rice breeding on poor rice farming households with emphasis on women farmers: a case study in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

For the past years since the Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Systemwide Initiative on Participatory Research and Gender Analysis (PRGA) was initiated, guides for impact assessment of PRGA have been developed (Lilja and Ashby 1999; Johnson et.al., 2000; Lilja and Johnson 2001). However, according to Farnworth and Jiggins (2003) while there is rapidly growing literature on the impacts of PPB on farmers, this is not further differentiated by sex. Despite the immense literature on the impacts of production, post production technologies on women farmers, systematic studies on the impacts of PPB on women in any category, either in terms of the effects of being a participant in a participatory plant breeding process (PPB) process, or in terms of the impact of the new materials generated is few. There is practically no literature that examines the effects of PPB – either as process or in terms of the impacts of the emergent materials – on gender relations at the household, community or any other relevant social or geographic scale along the food chain. Even with women’s active involvement in rice production, post harvest and seed management, scientists who are mostly male often talk with the male farmers only. Ignoring women’s knowledge and preference for rice varieties may be an obstacle to adoption of improved varieties, particularly in areas with gender-specific tasks, and in farm activities where women have considerable influence. Feldstein (1996) cited three different ways in which gender analysis can be considered in participatory research. These are: the efficiency argument, equity oriented, and empowerment. This study attempts to fill in these research gaps. The objectives of this paper are to: a) discuss the process used in integrating participatory research and gender analysis in breeding for drought prone and submergence prone environment; b) assess how gender analysis contributed to the design and implementation of the research and development outcomes; c) assess the impacts of PVS on poor women farmers, particularly on women’s empowerment; and d) recommend strategies to further enhance women’s roles in ensuring household food (rice) food security and improving their social status within the household and the community

Effect of sildenafil on IUGR

Background: IUGR is one of the major culprit of perinatal mortality and morbidity in India, with reported incidence of 21-28%. Objective of present study is to investigate the effect of sildenafil on pregnancies complicated with IUGR and to see its effect on fetal outcome.Methods: This was a case control study conducted after clearance of Ethical Committee of the Institute from July 2014 to July 2016 in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Dr. B.R.A.M. Hospital, Raipur [C.G.]. All women with pregnancies complicated with IUGR were identified and included in study. According to treatment with Sildenafil women were divided in two groups. Both groups were followed up till delivery and their outcome including birth weight, AC and complications related to IUGR were compared.Results: IUGR was found to be more prevalent in primi gravidas and women of lower socioeconomic and educational status with low BMI.  We found Hypertension in pregnancy as significant causative factor precipitating the IUGR [68%]. In sildenafil treated group significant 63% mothers had baby with birth weight >10 percentile whereas in sildenafil non treated group only 20% had > 10 percentile birth weight. The mean birth weight of Sildenafil treated group was 2594gm whereas in non-treated group it was 2200gm.  In our study, we observed improved AC in 70% whereas in control group improvement was only in 34% which was significant.Conclusions: Sildenafil was found to improves birth weight, abdominal circumference, and reduce the complications related to IUGR

Changing trends in genital cancer

Background: Globally, cancers in all forms are causing about 12% of all deaths. In developed countries cancer is the second leading cause of death accounting for 21% of mortality by other causes and in developing countries it ranks third, accounting for 9.5% of all deaths. The objective was to find the incidence of genital malignancy and any change in the trend at Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study conducted in Dr. BRAM Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from 2000 to 2015. We analyzed data for demographic profile, type of the genital carcinoma and the stages in which they reported and observed any changing trends.Results: Over 15 years the contribution of genital cancer remained almost stable at 2.78% in 2000 to 2.48% in 2015. 85% women belonged to rural residence, 75% were educated up to high school level and 76% women were from low socioeconomic status. Maximum prevalence of genital cancer is 65.90% falls in 45-60 years age group. Young age at first sexual activity, low education, parity >4 were found to be associated risk factors. Most significant changing trend was that the incidence of cancer cervix decreased by 11%. There was a shift from stage III to stage II at the time of reporting. The cancer endometrium emerged as new site for genital cancer with increased incidence.Conclusions: Cervical cancers are the most common cause of mortality but it is a preventable disease. Its decreasing trend and shift to early stage diagnosis is a positive beginning

Changing trends in eclampsia and increasing cesarean delivery – an interesting retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital of Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

Background: Despite all advances in obstetrical care eclampsia remains a puzzle and it still kills. Due to good antenatal and peripartum care, developed countries have a minimum incidence, while such changes have not occurred in developing countries especially in peripheral areas. So the incidence remains high in developing countries like India. Fetomaternal outcome in eclampsia depends on nature of convulsion quality and speed of care. Obstetrical management with the objective “Sooner the delivery betters the prognosis” has been shown to play great role in improving fetomaternal outcome.Methods: It’s a retrospective observational study done among all admitted eclamptic women over the period of 10 years from Jan 2005 to Dec 2014 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College & Dr B. R. A. M. Hospital Raipur (CG), by reviewing maternal death register, admission register and antenatal record of women.Results: A total of 1153 eclamptic women were admitted over 10 year study period. The incidence of eclampsia was 1.935 %. Out of total 298 Maternal deaths 131 were due to eclampsia (43.95%). Most of the patients belonged to age 20-30 years, were with low parity and presented most commonly after 34 weeks of gestation with antepartum eclampsia. There was an increasing trend of DIC and HELLP related maternal morbidity and mortality. DIC was the most dreadful complication with the case fatality ratio of 50%. The no of convulsion was associated with increased operative interference. We observed a better perinatal salvage by LSCS (72.91%).There was an increasing trend of maternal death due to eclampsia over the 10 year study period. Increasing trend of cesarean delivery in eclamptic women was also observed from 37.09% in 2005 to 83.55% in 2014. Better perinatal outcome was seen with lesser convulsion to delivery interval.Conclusions: Contrary to various studies hypertensive disorder to be the fourth most common cause of maternal death in developing countries, eclampsia came out to be the leading cause of maternal mortality in our study. Better antenatal and peripartum care can reduce its occurrence and related morbidity and mortality. Optimum outcome can be achieved by the speed with which the peripartum care is given. Cesarean delivery is preferable if vaginal delivery is not anticipated within 8 hrs as it gives better fetomaternal outcome

Body mass index and gestational weight gain in pregnant women with gestational diabetes and its relation with adverse maternal and fetal outcome

Background: Raised body mass index (BMI) and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are important determinants in development of gestational diabetes.Methods: A prospective, observational study carried out on antenatal women since their first trimester. These women were screened for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by diabetes in pregnancy study group of India (DIPSI) criteria. All participants were followed up by measuring their BMI, weight gain, blood sugars in every trimester. Also, data was collected regarding any adverse outcomes.Results: Among all participants, 16.8% were diagnosed as GDM. 44% women of study group had weight gain beyond Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations. Higher risk of GDM was observed in women with raised BMI and excessive GWG. Also, odds of preeclampsia, preterm deliveries, caesarean section, macrosomia, intrauterine fetal death, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were higher in women with GDM.Conclusions: Compliance of recommended weight gain during pregnancy have a strong impact on the fetal outcome. Amount and timing of weight gain plays a crucial role in GDM